A typical septic system includes a sewer pipe from the home, a watertight septic tank, an effluent filter, and an adsorption field where wastewater is treated in the soil. The majority of the systems in Indiana also include a dosing (pump) tank and a perimeter drain.

Wastewater flows into the septic tank where solids settle and are partially broken down by anaerobic bacteria. The treated liquid then moves through an effluent filter and into absorption field, where the natural processes within the soil completes the treatment before the water reaches the groundwater.

Most septic tanks should be pumped approximately every two years, depending on the household size and water use. Effluent filters should be cleaned once or twice a year and are usually the responsibility of the home owner. Make sure your septic installer shows you how to properly clean the filter.

An effluent filter is installed at the outlet of the septic to prevent small solids from entering the absorption field. Regular cleaning is required to avoid clogs and potential sewage water backups. The homeowner is usually responsible for the cleaning however your septic installer may offer a cleaning service. Talk to your septic installer and learn about all the components and their functions of your system.

A soil test evaluates soil characteristics such as drainage, depth to limiting layers, soil structure, clay content and seasonal high water tables. This information is required by all health departments in Indiana to determine whether a septic system can be installed and what design is appropriate.